Search | Engineering

订阅投稿

首页工程期刊工程焦点工程成就工程前沿关于我们 English

资源类型

期刊论文 163

会议视频 5

年份

2023 8

2022 14

2021 15

2020 11

2019 13

2018 7

2017 6

2016 12

2015 2

2014 8

2013 9

2012 5

2011 10

2010 9

2009 7

2008 6

2007 7

2006 5

2005 1

2003 1

展开︾

关键词

核电厂 4

地震勘探 2

地震区划 2

地震波 2

地震灾害 2

城市规划 2

城镇建设 2

微地震监测 2

抗震设计 2

隔震 2

3D层位 1

ACP1000 1

AP1000 1

GIC 1

GIS 1

TBM 隧洞 1

三维地震勘探 1

三维有限元模型 1

三维激发极化法 1

展开︾

检索范围：

排序：展示方式：

Features of seismic hazard in large dam projects and strong motion monitoring of large dams

Martin WIELAND,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 56-64 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0005-6

摘要： Earthquakes can affect large dam projects in many different ways. Usually, design engineers are focussing on ground shaking and neglect the other aspects. The May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake has damaged 1803 dams and reservoirs, and 403 hydropower plants with an installed capacity of 3.3GW. Among these dams were the 132-m-high Shapai RCC arch dam and the 156-m-high Zipingpu concrete face rockfill dam. These recently completed dams are dam types which, up to now, have not experienced strong ground shaking. The widespread mass movements have caused substantial damage to dams and surface powerhouses in Sichuan. The different features of earthquake hazard are presented, i.e., ground shaking, faulting and mass movements. It is proposed to prepare project-specific safety plans for all dams, which consist of a matrix where the possible hazards and the corresponding countermeasures are listed. The earthquake behaviors of the Sefid Rud, Zipingpu and Shapai dams, which, in the past, have experienced strong ground shaking from nearby earthquakes, are discussed. Finally, the need for strong motion instrumentation of large dams is discussed. It is proposed that major dams with large damage potential, dams located in areas of high seismicity, and dams showing signs of abnormal behavior be equipped with strong motion instruments.

关键词： seismic hazard arch dam concrete face rockfill dam strong motion instrumentation reservoir-triggered seismicity Wenchuan earthquake

HTML PDF 收藏

Machine learning-based seismic assessment of framed structures with soil-structure interaction

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期页码 205-223 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0909-y

摘要： The objective of the current study is to propose an expert system framework based on a supervised machine learning technique (MLT) to predict the seismic performance of low- to mid-rise frame structures considering soil-structure interaction (SSI). The methodology of the framework is based on examining different MLTs to obtain the highest possible accuracy for prediction. Within the MLT, a sensitivity analysis was conducted on the main SSI parameters to select the most effective input parameters. Multiple limit state criteria were used for the seismic evaluation within the process. A new global seismic assessment ratio was introduced that considers both serviceability and strength aspects by utilizing three different engineering demand parameters (EDPs). The proposed framework is novel because it enables the designer to seismically assess the structure, while simultaneously considering different EDPs and multiple limit states. Moreover, the framework provides recommendations for building component design based on the newly introduced global seismic assessment ratio, which considers different levels of seismic hazards. The proposed framework was validated through comparison using non-linear time history (NLTH) analysis. The results show that the proposed framework provides more accurate results than conventional methods. Finally, the generalization potential of the proposed framework was tested by investigating two different types of structural irregularities, namely, stiffness and mass irregularities. The results from the framework were in good agreement with the NLTH analysis results for the selected case studies, and peak ground acceleration (PGA) was found to be the most influential input parameter in the assessment process for the case study models investigated. The proposed framework shows high generalization potential for low- to mid-rise structures.

关键词： seismic hazard artificial neural network soil-structure interaction seismic analysis

HTML PDF 收藏

中国地震区划

时振梁,李裕澈

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第6期页码 65-68

摘要：

简要介绍编制中国地震区划图（1990）的技术途径。结合对我国地震活动时间和空间不均匀分布认识和我国地震预测方面的科研成果，对地震危险性分析概率方法作出几点重要改进。

关键词：地震区划地震危险性分析地震风险水平

HTML PDF 收藏

水库大坝的安全问题和已建大坝的抗震安全性

Martin Wieland

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第3期页码 325-331 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.03.011

摘要：

对任何蓄水大坝工程的基本性能要求都是安全性，它包括以下安全要素：①结构安全性；②大坝安全监控；③运行安全和维护；④应急计划。长期安全包括：首先，分析影响项目的所有灾害，即自然环境灾害、人造环境灾害、特定项目和特定场地灾害。本文讨论的是大坝地震安全的特点。大坝是自20 世纪30 年代以来最早开始进行系统性抗震结构设计的建筑物，但由于多数大坝设计采用的是现今认为已过时的地震设计标准和动态分析方法，因此无法了解那些老坝的地震安全性。因此，需要基于当前最新做法，重新评估已建坝的地震安全性，并改造有缺陷的大坝。通常建议对大坝进行特定场地的地震危险性分析。当前的大坝以及用于控制强震后水库安全的设施必须能承受安全评估地震的地面运动。地震动参数可以利用概率或确定性地震危险性分析确定。强震作用下，大坝可能发生非弹性变形，因此需要在时域内进行地震分析。此外，地震对大坝造成的危害包括地面震动、断层移动、块体移动等。工程师所需的地面运动并非实际的地震地面运动，而是地面运动模型，用以进行大坝的抗震安全设计。同时必须牢记，在大坝较长的生命周期内，需要进行多次大坝安全评估。

关键词：大坝抗震设计地震安全性已建坝设计标准地震灾害可持续性使用寿命

HTML PDF 收藏

核电站安全的地震威胁及对策分析

周福霖,谭平,刘德稳

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第4期页码 36-40

摘要：

核能是一种清洁高效的无碳能源，在人类文明进程及世界现代化发展中具有重要意义，但也存在核泄漏和核废料等问题。对世界核能利用情况及各国核电站建设与规划情况进行了回顾与展望，总结了历史上历次核电站事故发生的根本原因，着重探讨了地震对核电站的威胁。以2011年日本大地震造成的福岛核电站事故为例，分析了核电站事故对社会、经济及生态环境造成的影响，同时还提出了一些建议：对已建核电站进行抗震加固和延寿评估，做好未来核电站建设规划，改善管理机制，做好地震预警及核电站安全监测，优化应急处置机制，深化核能概率安全分析，普及群众安全教育，定期开展灾难演习，强化国际合作等举措，为人类在探索正确使用核能的进程中少受核能副作用的伤害而发挥重要作用。

关键词：核电站地震危险性海啸选址安全隔震消能三维隔震

HTML PDF 收藏

Fire hazard in transportation infrastructure: Review, assessment, and mitigation strategies

Venkatesh KODUR, M. Z. NASER

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 46-60 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0676-6

摘要： This paper reviews the fire problem in critical transportation infrastructures such as bridges and tunnels. The magnitude of the fire problem is illustrated, and the recent increase in fire problems in bridges and tunnels is highlighted. Recent research undertaken to address fire problems in transportation structures is reviewed, as well as critical factors governing the performance of those structures. Furthermore, key strategies recommended for mitigating fire hazards in bridges and tunnels are presented, and their applicability to practical situations is demonstrated through a practical case study. Furthermore, research needs and emerging trends for enhancing the “state-of-the-art” in this area are discussed.

关键词： fire hazard bridges tunnels fire resistance mitigation strategies transportation infrastructure

HTML PDF 收藏

Predicting non-carcinogenic hazard quotients of heavy metals in pepper (

Marzieh Mokarram, Hamid Reza Pourghasemi, Huichun Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1331-0

摘要： Abstract • There was significant absorption of heavy metals by the pepper in contaminated soils. • The target hazard quotient (THQ) indices followed the order of Pb>Zn>>Cd » Ni. • Relationships exist between contaminated plants and electromagnetic wave. • PCA and random search can select the main spectra and predict THQ for each element. Given the tendency of heavy metals to accumulate in soil and plants, the purpose of this study was to determine the contamination levels of Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn on peppers (leaves and fruit) grown in contaminated soils in industrial centers. For this purpose, we measured the uptake of the four heavy metals by peppers grown in the heavy metal contaminated soils throughout the four growth stages: two-leaf, growth, flowering, and fruiting, and calculated various vegetation indices to evaluate the heavy metal contamination potentials. Electromagnetic waves were also applied for analyzing the responses of the target plants to various heavy metals. Based on the relevant spectral bands identified by principal component analysis (PCA) and random search methods, a regression method was then employed to determine the most optimal spectral bands for estimating the target hazard quotient (THQ). The THQ was found to be the highest in the plants contaminated by Pb (THQ= 62) and Zn (THQ= 5.07). The results of PCA and random search indicated that the spectra at the bands of b570, b650, and b760 for Pb, b400 and b1030 for Ni, b400 and b880 for Cd, and b560, b910, and b1050 for Zn were the most optimal spectra for assessing THQ. Therefore, in future studies, instead of examining the amount of heavy metals in plants by chemical analysis in the laboratory, the responses of the plants to the electromagnetic waves in the identified bands can be readily investigated in the field based on the established correlations.

关键词： Heavy metals Plants Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Random search Electromagnetic wave

HTML PDF 收藏

海底碳封存环境地质灾害风险及监测技术研究

张少鹏,刘晓磊,程光伟,朱超祁,李清平,何玉发

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第3期页码 122-130 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.03.011

摘要：

海底CO2地质封存是我国实现“双碳”目标的重要组成部分，但CO2泄露具有诱发海底地质灾害的风险，威胁海洋工程的安全建设，因此开展封存区环境地质监测对海洋碳封存实施具有重要的现实意义。本文在简要介绍海底CO2地质封存示范案例的基础上，阐述了海底封存区CO2泄露的致灾机制，结合实例梳理了典型CO2控释试验中的海洋环境监测技术，重点分析了与CO2泄露相关的环境地质监测技术，包括地震调查与监测、电阻率法监测技术、重力监测技术、海床变形监测技术以及沉积物孔隙压力监测技术等，展望了我国海底碳封存及其环境地质监测的未来发展前景。研究认为，今后应侧重封存区CO2泄露致灾机制与环境地质监测技术研究，建议在研发长时序、低成本并实时监测技术的基础上，结合封存区基线调查，建立和发展系统性、智能性的多维度灾害识别模型，构建多方面、多层次、多灾种的监测预警预报体系。

关键词：海底碳封存；环境地质；CO2泄露；灾害风险；监测技术

HTML PDF 收藏

Necessity of integrated methodology for hazard mitigation of quake lakes: case study of the Wenchuan

Xudong FU, Fan LIU, Guangqian WANG, Wenjie XU, Jianxin ZHANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 1-10 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0099-5

摘要： The massive 8.0-magnitude Wenchuan Earthquake triggered huge landslides, avalanches, and debris flows that blocked rivers and created 34 important quake lakes, including the Tangjiashan Quake Lake on the Tongkou River. More than half of these lakes were identified to be of moderate or high hazard levels, so activities needed to be undertaken for hazard mitigation of potential flooding. This paper presents the mitigation processes of quake lake hazards, which involve various techniques such as rapid hazard analysis, scenario-based mitigation planning, and real-time forecasting of outburst flooding for implementation actions. The shortage of hydrologic and geological data and the nature of emergency situations raise substantial challenges in the hazard mitigation of quake lakes. This paper suggests a potential approach in dealing with quake lake hazards, which integrates the automatic monitoring network, hydrologic models, and hydrodynamic models with a comprehensive indicator for hazard levels. The necessity of improving the integrated methodology is highlighted.

关键词： quake lake hazard mitigation dam failure emergency Tangjiashan

HTML PDF 收藏

Hazard potential of zones of weakness in gravity dams under impact loading conditions

Herbert LINSBAUER

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 90-97 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0008-3

摘要： Dam constructions worldwide are designed and constructed in view of the strictest safety aspects for all static and dynamic load cases. As experience shows, however, formation of cracks in the “homogeneos concrete” as well as unsatisfactory compound behavior of lift joints are not to be excluded. These zones of weakness especially on the upstream side of the dam— exposed to high water pressure (static and dynamic)— represent an increased risk of safety. The main investigation, apart from the computation of the dynamic effects on the dam as a global structure, focuses on the stability analysis of a pressure-water filled crack configuration subjected to “dynamic loading” in the form of seismic action on the dam-reservoir-system and alternatively by “impact spot-loading” within sectors of the reservoir. A fracture mechanics based analysis shows an excessive potential of damage for the afflicted structure.

关键词： dam-reservoir earthquake impact cracking fracture mechanics

HTML PDF 收藏

Hazard and vulnerability evaluation of water distribution system in cases of contamination intrusion

Kunlun XIN, Tao TAO, Yong WANG, Suiqing LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第6期页码 839-848 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0409-8

摘要： In this paper, it proposed an index system for hazard and vulnerability evaluations of water distribution networks, based on the simulation of contamination events caused by pollutant injections at different junctions. It attempted to answer the following two questions in the case of contamination events: 1) Which are the most hazardous junctions? 2) Which are the most vulnerable junctions? With EPANET toolkit, it simulated the propagation of the contaminant, and calculated the peak concentration of the contaminant and mass delivered at different nodes. According to types of consumers, different weights were assigned to the consumer nodes for assessing the influence of the contaminant on the consumers. Using the method proposed herein, both the hazard index and vulnerability index were calculated for each node in the pipe network. The presented method was therefore applied to the water network of the city of Zhenjiang, which contains two water plants, two booster pump stations with storage tanks. In conclusion, the response time, the relationships between the peak concentration of contaminant and the total absorption are the most important factors in hazard and vulnerability evaluation of the water distribution network.

关键词： water distribution network hazard vulnerability contaminant accident

HTML PDF 收藏

包装型乳化炸药生产线重大危险源分析及预防措施

吴晓梦

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第11期页码 82-85

摘要：

乳化炸药具有良好的抗水性能、储存性能和爆轰性能，且制造工艺简单、成本低廉，已在全世界得到了广泛的推广应用。本文介绍了我国乳化炸药发展现状及生产工艺特点，结合当前国内外包装型乳化炸药的工艺技术特点，分析了乳化炸药生产线重大危险源，提出了确保乳化炸药生产本质安全的应对措施。

关键词：乳化炸药危险源预防措施

HTML PDF 收藏

Effect of strata restraint on seismic performance of prefabricated sidewall joints in fabricated subway

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第5期页码 763-779 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0917-6

摘要： A disadvantage of the conventional quasi-static test method is that it does not consider the soil restraint effect. A new method to test the seismic performance of prefabricated specimens for underground assembled structures is proposed, which can realistically reflect the strata restraint effect on the underground structure. Laboratory work combined with finite element (FE) analysis is performed in this study. Three full-scale sidewall specimens with different joint forms are designed and fabricated. Indices related to the seismic performance and damage modes are analyzed comprehensively to reveal the mechanism of the strata restraint effect on the prefabricated sidewall components. Test results show that the strata restraint effect effectively improves the energy dissipation capacity, load-bearing capacity, and the recoverability of the internal deformation of the precast sidewall components. However, the strata restraint effect reduces the ductility of the precast sidewall components and aggravates the shear and bending deformations in the core region of the connection joints. Additionally, the strata restraint effect significantly affects the seismic performance and damage mode of the prefabricated sidewall components. An FE model that can be used to conduct a seismic performance study of prefabricated specimens for underground assembled structures is proposed, and its feasibility is verified via comparison with test data.

关键词： underground structures precast sidewall specimen seismic test method bearing capacity energy dissipation capacity plastic deformation

HTML PDF 收藏

Effects of green roof damping and configuration on structural seismic response

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 1133-1144 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0959-9

摘要： Sustainable structures are critical for addressing global climate change. Hence, their structural resilience or ability to recover from natural events must be considered comprehensively. Green roofs are a widely used sustainable feature that improve the environment while providing excellent occupant amenity. To expand their usage, their inherent damping and layout sensitivity to seismic performance are investigated in this study. The soil of a green roof can serve as a damper to dissipate the energy generated by earthquakes or other dynamic events. Results of preliminary analysis show that a green roof soil can increase localized damping by 2.5% under both dry and saturated conditions. Based on these findings, nonlinear time-history analyses are conducted on a three-story building in SAP2000 to monitor the structural behavior with and without a green roof. The increased damping in the green roof soil is beneficial to the structural performance, i.e., it reduces the building displacement and acceleration by 10% and 12%, respectively. Additionally, certain configurations are more effective and beneficial to the structural response than others, which suggests the possibility of design optimization. Based on the findings of this study, new methods of modeling and considering green roofs in structural design are established.

关键词： green infrastructure green roof structural resilience seismic design

HTML PDF 收藏

Performance-based seismic assessment of a historical masonry arch bridge: Effect of pulse-like excitations

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 855-869 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0972-z

摘要： Seismic analysis of historical masonry bridges is important for authorities in all countries hosting such cultural heritage assets. The masonry arch bridge investigated in this study was built during the Roman period and is on the island of Rhodes, in Greece. Fifteen seismic records were considered and categorized as far-field, pulse-like near-field, and non-pulse-like near-field. The earthquake excitations were scaled to a target spectrum, and nonlinear time-history analyses were performed in the transverse direction. The performance levels were introduced based on the pushover curve, and the post-earthquake damage state of the bridge was examined. According to the results, pulse-like near-field events are more damaging than non-pulse-like near-field ground motions. Additionally the bridge is more vulnerable to far-field excitations than near-field events. Furthermore, the structure will suffer extensive post-earthquake damage and must be retrofitted.

关键词： masonry arch bridges seismic behavior modal properties pulse-like records nonlinear time history analysis